The guarantee effectively shifts the credit risk from the borrower to the guarantor. Where the guarantor is an institution such as an insurance company the value of its guarantees and ability to make them is highly dependent on its credit rating. A bank should never accept a guarantee where the credit rating of the guarantor is lower than that of the borrower.
These cross-border guarantees can also create internal credit problems for the lender where the guarantee is perfectly acceptable and well within the total credit lines authorized for use by the guarantor but the loan breaches head office limits on country exposure. It can be frustrating for bank officers in the international branches of a global bank to have a loan or credit line application from a subsidiary of an American triple-A corporate, and guaranteed by that company, turned down on credit grounds.
Tags: bank, banking, borrower, credit, credit rating
Posted in Loans | Comments Closed
The demand for a product and the supply of that product meet at a point of equilibrium. The current price of any commodity, or any market, represents the point of equilibrium for that product at that moment in time.Because supply and demand each have varying elasticities and are best represented by curves, the point of equilibrium can shift in any direction in a market with changing factors.
Equilibrium will be an important concept in developing trading strategies. Though the supply and demand balance may not be calculated, in practical terms equilibrium is a balance between buyers and sellers, a price level at which everyone is willing to trade. although always happy Equilibrium is associated with lower volatility and often lower volume, because the urgency to buy or sell has been removed.
Tags: demand, market, supply
Posted in financial market | Comments Closed
The least-squares regression model is the same technique that was used in the previous series of posts to find the relationship between two dependent markets, corn and soybeans, or to find how prices moved when driven by known related factors such as supply and demand. Here, the least-squares model will be used to find the relationship between time and price. rather than between two prices, where the price forecast that we are seeking is dependent upon time. The regression model will also be applied in an autoregressive way by recalculating the expected price daily and using the slope of the resulting straight line or curvilinear fit to determine the direction of the trend.
A simple error analysis can be used to evaluate the predictive qualities of this method. Assume that there is a lengthy price series for a market and that we would like to know how many prior days are optimum for predicting the next day’s price. The answer is found by looking at the average error in the predictions. If the number of days in the calculation increases and if the predictive error decreases, the answer is improving; if the error stops decreasing, the accuracy limit has been reached.
Tags: business, insurance, loan, mortgage
Posted in financial market | Comments Closed